five constant virtues of Confucianism, namely: benevolence [[仁]], righteousness [[義|义]], propriety [[禮|礼]], wisdom [[智]] and fidelity [[信]] / five cardinal relationships of Confucianism (between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, brothers, friends) / five phases of Chinese philosophy: water [[水]], fire [[火]], wood [[木]], metal [[金]], earth [[土]]